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World Bank-Annenberg Summer Institute
Reform Communication: Leadership, Strategy and Stakeholder Alignment
Saravuth 2025 PFM Vision Reform
The Royal Government of Cambodia commits to reform its public financial management system toward achieving the international standards by 2025 through continue implementing its comprehensive and long term Public Financial Management Reform Program (PFMRP). Using platform approach, the PFMRP is working toward raising the overall system standard in a step by step through improving budget credibility, financial accountability and transparency, policy based budgeting, and performance accountability in order to ensure fiscal discipline, allocative efficiency, and technical efficiency of the public financial management system. While successful implementation has been made during the past ten years, the reform has now come to a very critical juncture where active participation with ownership and responsibility of all stakeholders especially Line Ministries is crucially important and necessary, continuation of strong political support is needed, continuation to play a leading role of the Ministry of Economy and Finance is required, effective and sufficient capacity building is crucially important and necessary, and better communication strategy to raise awareness and to increase more active participation is becoming very important to ensure the successful implementation of the PFMRP in the next ten years.
A New Digital Age of Cambodian Society
MARRY KONG
Cambodia has tremendously gone through many changes economically, socially, and politically the inflow of the information and technology has also a significant impact on Cambodia youth especially on the way they work, live and interact socially.
The number of Cambodian using mobile phones connected to the Internet has also increased drastically over the past 5 years and they become active on the virtual world. With this trend, over the next 10 years, Cambodia will be most likely enter into a new digital age where economy, society and politic will also encounter new changes and development.
Economically, the new digital age will create more opportunity and access to new innovation and if it is carefully and timely taken, it will generate more growth and transform info more knowledge based economy.
Socially, the new digital age will impact on Cambodia culture. Young people will go online and interact virtually. This is quite new to Cambodian society where people value personal communication among family and people surrounding. This will also put huge gape between the youngs and the elders.
Finally, in the politics, the new digital age will shape the politics in Cambodia. This change will surely create more platform for political discussion and distract and put away the concentrated power to individuals. This means individual voice and concern will have significant impact on political situation. The voice in the virtual world from youth will finally shape Cambodian politics in a matter of time.
Christian Wohlert
Country: Mozland
The year is 2025 and Mozland has become the world’s 3rd largest exporter of Liquefied Natural Gas. Energy prizes are soaring due to an on-going conflict involving large parts of the Middle East. Mozland has established a Sovereign Wealth Fund where the proceeds of the gas are deposited. The challenge consists in how to distribute this income to the majority of the population instead to a narrow elite in a sustainable way. Thankfully, the political situation in the country has somewhat stabilized and three parties contend for power in elections, but so far no change of power has taken place since the first elections in 1994. However, geographical tensions exist and the threat of religious conflicts is growing.
10 years from now, Swedeland’s general budget support has diminished substantively and the main priority is to contribute to an inclusive economy by being the strongest bilateral donor focusing on building public institutions that supports a well-functioning welfare system. Swedeland strongly supports the Tax Authority in collecting taxes, especially from the actors connected to the extractive industries, in order to raise revenue to the state. The Internal Audit System has been strengthened and has a growing capacity, independence, and authority to audit public institutions in order to discover and report cases of corruption. The National Anti-Corruption Agency has gained independence and is able to take corruption cases to court. A social security system now covers a fourth of the population and grows slowly but steadily.
The space for civil society and a free press is growing but these sectors are still very weak, which is why Swedeland is a strong backer of several civil society organizations. One of the major wins during the last years is the formal registration of the LGBT movement. Gender equality is a prioritized area for both the Government of Mozland and Swedeland but the role of women is still weak in practice. Early marriages continue to exist and a third of girls less than 18 years are mothers and the education rate of girls is a third of that of boys. Swedeland invests in infrastructure for information and communication technology by extending the access to Internet to rural areas and by now 80 % of the Mozambican population has access to the Internet.
From: Dilinika Peiris-Holsinger
Date: June 5, 2015 at 11:11:04 AM PDT
To: dpeiris
Subject: Para
An Open Sri Lanka – 2025
Today Sri Lanka sets an example to the world in curbing corruption,and promoting freedom of expression, transparency and active citizen engagement in all public sector decisions and works. It’s a country governed by its people with an independent judiciary and national government that puts the country’s interest before personal priorities. This change was made possible after the Right to Information Law was passed in 2015. The 10 year journey saw many reforms following the information law. People are now more aware of their right to information to keep officials accountable for better service delivery. Public officials are well trained to efficiently respond to citizen queries using ICT tools. The senior officials and politicians have access to digital dashboards to oversee their work and allocate budget resources where needed. People can monitor this process. Networks are formed at national and local levels both online and offline to build support networks to monitor service standards in health, education and urban development.
Maya is a 25 year old woman who lives in Open Sri Lanka. Ten years ago she had no idea who governed her city. She did not know where the money came from to fund her education, the road she traveled daily, the medical center her mother visited for regular check-ups and garbage collection and keeping public spaces clean. After the Right to Information law was passed 10 years ago and people were made aware on what they could do, Maya and her friends filed their first petition to report the poor quality of the road they traveled on. Action was taken immediately and the road was reconstructed to last longer than before using better quality material. Every time there was damage or a pothole, Maya and her friends sent pictures to a web portal that the public could access. Today, they use their mobile to report places where garbage is not collected, they help children inform authorities on teacher absenteeism and any other irregularities they find in receiving services from the authorities. Once a month, the Mayor of their city invites all citizens to a public day and makes a presentation on the grievances he has received and resolved. They know their Mayor by name and actively engage with the local authority to keep the city clean and free from corruption.
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Sethany
Cambodia has passed into new development stage of education with focus on strengthening basic education and quality within a comprehensive national economic framework that response to the ASEAN integration and to achieve the ambition of the Royal Government to the transition from lower middle-income country to upper middle-income country . Long -term education vision of Cambodia would focus on all aspects of Early Childhood Education(ECE) ,to provide a strong foundation to other level of education , this could help to solve the education problem of hight drop out school rate and low enrollment rate at secondary school .Early experiences determine future brand capacity,40% of adult mental ability is formed during the first three years of life .Base on cost benefit analysis ,the economy return from ECE could be as much as 7 times of budget spending ,it is higher than other level of education investments .Beyond this I wish to see the increase the percentage of Cambodia children age 5 attend at all aspects of ECE with quality standard from 60% in 2014-2015 to 95 % in school year 2024-2025 .
Vinel Yeth
What will be new in Cambodia for 2025?
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Budget Preparation and Implementation
In terms of achieving the ambitious and realistic goal above, the Royal Government of Cambodia, which has the General Secretariat of Public Financial Management Reform Committee as playing role of the coordination of the reform, was launched on the implementation of Public Financial Management Reform Program in 2005. The objective of this reform program is to transform Cambodia’s PFM into international standard, especially to move the country’s budget system from preparing and implementing budget based on Line Items to Program Budgeting/Result Based Budgeting by 2025. In order to this, the four platform approaches, which are Budget Creditability, Financial Accountability, Budget Policy Linkage and Performance Accountability, were designed to assist this reform. In addition to that, to make sure the reform is on the right track and success, of course the right direction and strategies such as (1. Continue expending and strengthening the pilot of the implementation of program budgeting from 2015-2020, 2. Continue strengthening and improving the preparation and implementation of budget strategic plan, 3. Continue preparing and implementing Budget Entity, 4. Continue preparing and implementing new classification and chart of account and Financial Management Information System step by step, 5. Continue preparing and implementing the system of new budget implementation ‘expenditure commitment and procurement’, 6. Prepare to amendment or review the law of public financial system 2008 before 2020 and 7. Continue training on BP, FMIS and other aspects relevant) are prepared and put in place to support the reform to meet target and goals set successfully.
Delivering Food and Nutrition Security in Nigeria 2025:
By
Francis Aminu, GAIN Nigeria Office
It is the year 2025 – and the Nigeria is well and truly on the way to becoming one of the 20 largest economies in the world with what it is still being called “a land of milk and honey”. This is the possible future of a Nigeria where politicians are altruistic and take decisions for the greater good, especially keeping in mind the poor, where the economy is growing and diversified and where public finance management has made the system more transparent and efficient. By 2025, safety nets have replaced consumption subsidies and women and youth are actively participating in the labour market. There is diversification and polarisation of diets and lifestyles, intensifying consumer values in relation to food, and increasing prevalence of obesity. Economic and environmental concerns are taken into account in policy decisions, although natural resource exploitation is still a challenge. The population growth momentum still exerts pressure on land and land-based resources leading to degradation of the environment. The urbanization is still high creating urban poverty. The major drivers of this scenario are income growth, population increase, productivity gains in many agricultural activities, and biofuel sector expansion.
Vong Bunintreavuth
Cambodia is closely reaching a goal of becoming a High Middle-Income Status –HMIS
in 2025
To achieve this, the improvement of mechanism and coordination among all reform pillars is increasingly important and necessary, especially the linkage between the public financial management reform, decentralization and de-concentration program, and the public administration reform, in order to ensure the consistency, smoothness in implementation, and success of this public administration reform as the core of Good Governance. Effective and efficient public financial management from line item budget to performance based budget, improving revenue collections, and transparency in budget executions are the necessary core foundation for country development and poverty reduction of the people especially through ensuring sustainable economic growth and improving efficiency of public services.
Olivier Lambert
Cote d’Ivoire in 10 years:
Some drivers of change over such a horizon
The 10-year ahead scenario for Cote d’Ivoire is a scenario that envisions a country that was squarely on its way to reach its ambitious and broadly shared development Plan called “Emerging Cote d’Ivoire” that envisioned the country reaching the group of “middle Income countries” by 2025 from the current least developed countries group where it sits.
That ambitious and mobilizing vision of a proud Cote d’Ivoire leading the development of West Africa (at least in francophone countries) was realized as the political system improved and because disagreements were handled peacefully and opposition parties renounced violence and found ways to work together through the system while improving it. They also all realized that, to gain broad based acceptance for the accelerated development, the fruits of that economic growth would have to be shared and attention to potential rising inequality was ranking high on all successive governments’ priority lists.
Like many developing world countries, Cote d’Ivoire is faced with the urbanization macro trend and the capital city Abidjan is constantly growing. For government and city planners, not only is there a need for catch up but also to anticipate and prepare Abidjan and other secondary cities to cope.
Cote d’Ivoire was able to generate the sustained rapid growth at rates above 5% per annum. And underpinning that growth, the country upgraded its energy production system first. Although it is has not been perfect, GOCI was also able to get many infrastructure assets going in urban areas including roads, bridges, drinkable water and sewers without neglecting social infrastructures including healthcare facilities and education. Most of these projects were done through Public Private Partnerships (PPP) thanks to an adequate legal and regulatory framework that the World Bank helped articulate and implement. The track record in successful PPPs is not perfect but after 10 years is definitely one of the broadest and deepest in Africa today.
Bou Vongsokha
Cambodia’s local governments are more self-suficient with clear fuctions and own sourceS of revenue. Local service delivery is much better.
Jason Peou
Well Functioning Securities Market
Cambodia’s political system has been changed several times in the last five decades. In 1993, it officially goes for democracy and its economic system has also been changed to free-market economy since then. Due to its political and economic fragility, its financial system is far behind international standard and takes years to build. At first, the Royal Government of Cambodia has put lots of efforts to grow up the banking system, and now reach a very high level of confidence. Seeing this, the Royal Government of Cambodia has introduced securities market in which he believes can reduce transaction cost, allocate capitals more effectively, and ease companies to access to capitals. However, since its first ring of the bell in 2012, the market does not work well and has only two companies listed with inactive trading.
Based on experience, time is needed to develop a security market, so does Cambodia. However, we need to put more efforts and measures to push up the process so that Cambodia Securities Exchange will surely function well and reach its top capacity by 2025. To do so, laws and regulations need to be issued and amended. Also, trust and confidence must be improved by guaranteeing economic and political stability, strengthening law enforcement, ensuring market integrity, and developing human capital.
By the year 2025, Cambodia will have a well-developed securities market.
Maun Prathna
Mekong Crisis
“Where there is water there is fish!” For the past few decades, Cambodia has enjoyed its fresh water fish production of more than 10 tones per square Kilometer. Every Cambodian family from the capital to remote provinces has consumed fresh water fish from the Mother Mekong River as main part of their basic food. In recent years, it is reported that almost 65% of fresh water fish species are in danger and some have vanished from their original geographic local. The food production from Mekong River is dramatically decreased. The major reasons include the change of current, level, quantity and quality of water, pollution (direct chemical waste from factories and unfiltered sewers), tiny grid net fishing, cutting down mangroves, land grabbing and backfill into the river, and the worst thing is the unprofessional exploit of river sand business and emerging island. This may seem like a micro-issue, but it will become the macro issue or even global issue by 2025, if we do not respond to this crisis now as it will affect our food chain, slow down poverty reduction and lead to extreme hunger in Cambodia.
Amporn
Future Dream School for All Kids
As a nine-year-old Elma enters her school, she is warmly greeted by the school principal. It is still early in the morning and just about time to have breakfast. Elma checks her watch. 7 o’clock sharp. Her personalized meal should arrive at the cafeteria by now. None of the students gets the same meal since the school has the chefs cook food to meet each student’s preferences and nutritional needs. Each student here is assigned their own dining tables. Competing for seats during each meal is never an issue. Elma’s stomach growls at the thought of food. She hurries to her table and finds a well-prepared dish of grilled vegetables and medium-rare steak sprinkled with some pepper just the way she likes her steak to be. Beside the dish lies a piece of paper providing the nutritional information of her breakfast. After breakfast, Elma walks to her classroom and finds her seat. Her subject teacher is already at the front of the classroom, smiling at the students who are filing into the room. The walls of this hall-like classroom are electronic- Wi-Fi interactive, enclosed with all sorts of information – from gardening to nuclear power plants, from opera singing to the life of molds. Anything you wish to know is buried within “The Virtual Wall of Knowledge,” the main means by which students scavenger for intellectual treasures. Every subject always begins with questions inquiring students of which aspect of the subject do they look forward to study. Every day in class Elma would have conversations with her favorite teachers. As the conversation goes on, Elma would tell her teachers what she wants to learn. The teacher would then guide her interactively through the walls and help her dig through the chest of knowledge. However, a person must be at the right wall to access the information they need through the wall. This step requires an expert who recognizes what treasure each wall holds. Today Elma feels like dating back in time when dinosaurs were still roaming the earth. Her teacher leads her to the wall nearest to the room entrance. Elma reaches her hand toward the wall as if to touch it. Just as the skin of her fingertips comes into close contact with the surface, the wall illuminates. It changes into a scene of historic Earth. Hundreds of species of dinosaurs flashes onto the screen, enlarges and shrinks back to the digital-Earth. Before Elma could be amazed by how real they look, the view expands and draws Elma and everyone into the wall of knowledge. Everything is now set in motion. Elma’s heart thumps as fast as ever. She, her friends, and the teacher are walking among the dinosaurs dated back to prehistoric time. A couple of seconds later, a voice starts to speak. It narrates the situation and provides all the knowledge man could possibly know on dinosaurs. Feeling like Alice in wonderland, she has an indescribable experience as if she were in the real time environment. Every other subjects would be quite similar: possibility to observe and see how the civil war evolved, how the great scientists like Einstein came up with their brilliant ideas, how Buddha became enlightened, and so on. Through this virtual wall, learning is endless. As the fun time is almost over, the teacher would let each student come up to the front and share what they have learned or experienced today. This is to test you and also teach others at the same time. Every subject would be an adventure for all. Elma really enjoys being at school and can’t wait for her next adventure in time tomorrow when she gets back to the virtual classroom again.
Katja Juvonen
It’s year 2025. Smallholder farmer Bebim is happy. She has tripled the revenues by cultivating cassava and peanuts during the past five years. This has been possible through innovative farming techniques that she learned by participating an IFAD supported project. By selling her products in the local market, Bebim is now able to feed her family and send her four children to school. Besides, she saving money in order to be able realize her dream to invest in scorpion farming. Bebim knows that eating insects has been booming in the last years in the European countries and she is hoping to sell scorpions to the private sector entities exporting insects to Europe.
Agriculture is a viable and trendy business in Africa. Bebim is one of the 500 million smallholder farmers who are supporting some 2.5 billion people and responsible for up to 80 per cent of the food produced in developing countries. IFAD is the recognized global leader in investment in smallholder agriculture and rural people achieved by leveraging resources and engaging partnerships with governments, farmers organizations and other development partners.
Cameron
The future in the Pacific Islands
2025 and my eldest daughter Jessica is now 22 years old. The Pacific is not what I dreamed for her, but it’s not all bad either. Climate change impacts are increasing and it seems like we’ve had at least two category five cyclones somewhere in the Pacific each year. The upside, is the world is finally noticing the Pacific. This has been one of the main reasons Australia and New Zealand have decided to open borders to many Pacific Island workers so we can get jobs, send remittances and rebuild our own homes rather than rely on aid. My son Hamish is now working in Fiji as a Tuna scientist. The new Pacific Economic Union means he can also travel and work anywhere in the Pacific. I’m worried though because Tuna stocks are now so depleted that fish science jobs will have to be cut soon. The USA, China and Europe continue to thwart all formal agreements on sustainable fisheries. We stayed in the Pacific as education quality has improved dramatically thanks partly to the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Lydia my youngest (16) is wanting to become a Doctor. Non-communicable diseases remain stubbornly the highest in the world here so if she does fulfil her dream, Lydia will have enough work for life. While we want to stay in the Pacific, my wife Fiona feels we should consider moving as we are now concerned for our rapidly growing up girls. Violence against women has reduced only slightly in the last ten years and there are still stories of beaten women in the Pacific as a regular item. I have to go now because there is a weird crazy trend call “Funky Nigerian Clapping” which seems to have taken the world by storm in the last nine years and I have to attend my “clapping class” so I don’t get left out of key social occasions.
Dave Kruger
It has been a challenging decade. Looking back, three events shaped the stronger and more productive organization we belong to today. The merging of the Asian Development Fund and our ordinary capital resources in 2017 put us on a firm financial footing, removing headroom constraints, and creating space for the rapid expansion of lending volumes. The achievement of our Strategy 2020 goal of having private sector lending account for 50% of our operational lending has resulted in a fundamental change in our portfolio that enables us to leverage private sector funds and deepen our interaction with our middle income clients. Finally, the strong focus on urbanization and climate change in our current corporate strategy—Strategy 2030—aligns us with the critical issues facing the majority of our borrowing members. Asia’s strong economic growth has continued to reduce poverty and create new economic opportunity. We have increased our capacity to support the region’s development by upgrading our knowledge-related efforts, expanding global partnerships to increase our clients’ access to cutting-edge ideas and approaches, continually improving our project development and implementation capacity, and deepening co-financing operations to expand the scale of our investments in productive infrastructure.
Andy Kircher
My vision is to support development by ensuring that the best available communications advice is applied to supporting reforms.
To get there, I would like to see the world bank have a communications component in each project that aims to support reforms.
The first step to getting there would be to pilot several projects that need communications support.
Stakeholder mapping
Examples that work
How to persuade
How yo reach them
When to reach them
How to build a coalition – SD, etc
Damon Vis-Dunbar
In 2025 Indonesia will be characterized by a young and digitally connected society. 70% of the population will be working age and the vast majority will be connected to the internet and frequent users of social media. This will have profound effects on politics and the economy. Younger people will not have the attachment their parents had to the authoritarian Suharto regime, and will demand social freedoms and economic opportunities. Maintaining a dynamic and competitive economy will be crucial in meeting these expectations. Along with these demands, Indonesia will need to adapt to an increasingly urbanized society. Jakarta will be a megacity and many other cities in Indonesia will have grown substantially. Indonesia’s cities – which are already suffering from poor infrastructure – will be under immense pressure to grow sustainably.
Nguon Sokcheng
Realizing education’s potential to spur growth is a priority for Cambodia. Human resources are key catalyst achieving this. Teachers are widely recognized and credited for the crucial roles they play in building human resources and their contribution to the development of individuals, families, community, society, nation and the world. A high-quality teaching workforce is the single most important factor in improving student learning. Teachers, the largest element of Cambodia’s education spending, are the most important determinant of school quality. By upgrading its teaching force quality, Cambodia can improve the quality of its educational services for all. Effective teacher training system can improve both teacher and student performance. Literature on teachers and teaching in Cambodia identified teaching quality as one of the main challenges. Most teachers in Cambodia have not even completed their secondary education. In this regard, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport has developed several policies and legislative instruments including Teacher Policy aiming at improving teaching quality. With this policy reform, I believe that by 2025 teachers’ qualifications would be raised and 90% of teachers all over the country would have Master’ degrees in order to teach in general education system.
Kim Sethany
Cambodia has passed into new development stage of education with focus on strengthening basic education and quality within a comprehensive national economic framework that response to the ASEAN integration and to achieve the ambition of the Royal Government to the transition from lower middle-income country to upper middle-income country . Long -term education vision of Cambodia would focus on all aspects of Early Childhood Education(ECE) ,to provide a strong foundation to other level of education , this could help to solve the education problem of hight drop out school rate and low enrollment rate at secondary school .Early experiences determine future brand capacity,40% of adult mental ability is formed during the first three years of life .Base on cost benefit analysis ,the economy return from ECE could be as much as 7 times of budget spending ,it is higher than other level of education investments .Beyond this I wish to see the increase the percentage of Cambodia children age 5 attend at all aspects of ECE with quality standard from 60% in 2014-2015 to 95 % in school year 2024-2025.
Flora Bossey
Edo State of my Dream
Edo state was created out of the former Bendel state, South South region of Nigeria in 1991. 24 years on, leaders both und the military and democratic people have failed to effect real positive change intms of basic amenities, infrastructure and social services.
Six years ago, a former labour and charismatic leader won election by popular poll and has started what thjs author would describe as the Road to Recovery. Some roads have been constructed to link rural areas to urban areas, the system of revenue generation and public financial management is currently on while there is a conscious effort to change the attitude of people to good governance.
in ten years, I want to see a deliberate step towards industrialisation, technical vocational education, focus on Agriculture and value chain development. This will go a long way in creating employment opportunities for young people who are graduating from universities without skills.
Industrialisation will also give the state government a secure alt native source of revenue to be able to provide more of the basic infrastructure to build a sustainable economy.